Concrete-and-metal skeleton for building purposes.



No. 700,443.- Patented May 20, I902. 1 0. RUHL.

co'ucnan: AND METAL-SKELETON F08 BUILDING PunPosEs.

I (Application filed July 22, 1901.) (no'modem v 2 Sheets-sheaf Y @2- fizz/i! Patented Nay 20,1902

2 Sheets-sheet 2.-

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@ QQ I E o. RUH L. CONCRETE AND METAL SKELETON FUR BUILDING PURPOSES.

v (Application filed July 22, 1901.)

' (No Model.)

UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE. i

or'ro RUHL, or BREMEN, GERMANY.

CONCRETE-AND -METAL S KELETON FOR BUlLDlNG PURPOSES.

SIECIFIGATION formingpart of Letters Patent N 0. 700,443, dated May 20, 1902.

Application filed July 22, 1901. Serial No. 69.236. (No me...)

To all whom it may concern:'

Be it known that I, OTTO RUHL -a subject. of the German Emperor, and a resident 0f" Bremen, Germany, haveinvented certain new,

and useful-Improvements in Concrete-and,

Metal Skeletons for Building Purposes, of

which the following is a specification.

, The Object of the present invention is to enable fine metal wire to be used forsupporting constructions made of concrete, mortar,- &c., in accordance with the suppositions of the static calculations.

The presentinvention has-for its object to procure stability in the wires in a very sim'-- ple and consequently profitable manner by tension without'the complete building being;

4 shows another form of construction of the device. Fig. 4. shows a mold for supporting the distribution-supports 12 during the mounting. Fig. 5 shows another form of construction in horizontal projection and vertical section without fixed girders a. Fig. 6 shows a form of construction in which the secondary distribution-supports b are employed.

Between fixed main supports a and if necessary on the molds d, Fig. 4., are flat-placed distribution-supports I), having a proportionate cross-section and capable of being turned upon their longitudinal axis. Then metal-work c or c is plaited together and the molds are withdrawn according as the wires are placed. The stability in the wire skeleton then is made by turning the distributionsupports 1) edge upward. In order to prevent lateral displacement'of the distributionsupports 1), the wire is passed at suitable intervals in the direction, (see c.)

In order that the wires may not have their power of resistance diminished for the com- While giving the tension each wire plete building by the turning upward of the distribu tion-sup ports bthat is to say, for example, in the use of iron wire in order that the tension on mounting will not exceed five hundredkilos per square centimeter, the folas to indirect burdens,a nd consequently if the construction, Figs. 1 or 2, receives for static reasons the samenu mberof wires above the distribution-supports b as beneath, or if, as in Fig. 3, thepassage ot the wires is only effected on oneside, the height ot'the axis of the distribution-supports remaining invariable by the provision of distributionsupports b in perforations e, the distribution-supports lowing method is adopted: If the finished building will be submitted to direct as Well b are proportionate. iuftheir cross-ineasurements in such a way that the turning or ele vation of the said supportsin the direction of their smallest to their largest cross-section only causes a stretching of the wires correspondin g to a strain on the material constituting the said wire equal at most to the allowed strain less by the strain to which the wire in thebuildingof metal and concrete will be exposed. If the weight is almost whollyon one side-as, for exam ple', a ceiling-thewires will I be distributed above and below the distribution-supports b, but with a larger number of wires on the under face thereof to compensate for the static pressure, which will of course be greater at that point. If the construction is to be executed, for example,with iron wires, one wire in every eight or ten Wires is drawn above the distribution-supports b, while the others pass underneath. In consequence of this arrangement the transmission of a hurtful tension in the lower wires bythe turning edge up ward of the distribution-supports-bis quite impossible, becausetheupper wires would be broken. In the construction shown in Fig. 4. it would suffice to pass one wire in every twelve or fourteen wires above the supports, because the wires drawn upwardly simply guide or hold thedistribution-supports in position, the supporting-wires or those beneath the support sustaining the weight.

Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings shows an amplification of the useof the distributionsupports 1). A space contained by four walls or more is covered by a smooth sheet of concrete and metal,using all the delineation-lines available as supports and dispensing with all framing of joists made of double T-irons, be.

To the surrounding walls is fixed an iron frame 5 f; otherwise holdfasts, nails, 860., may be fastened in the wall. The distribution-s11 pports b are laid flatin the ceiling, ashereinbefore described, and secondary distribution-supports b are placed between them in such a way that the distribution-snpports I) pass underneath the distribntion-supports I). Then the metal wires a and c are so placed that they cross each other, as shown in the drawings, and finally the distrilmtion-supports b are turned edge upward. In this way the dis tribution-supports i) press down the secondary distribution-s11pports b, which pass under them, and thus directly stretch the secondary wires 0 For the rest the strain of mounting is adjusted just as for the present and other constructions.

Having" fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patout, is-

1. The combination with a series of lengths of wires, of distribution-supports extending transverse to said wires, the said wires engaging two faces of said distribution-supports, the said distribution-Snpports adapted to be turned upontheir longitudinal axis whereby the tension of the said wires may be adj nsted, substantially as described.

2. In combination with a series of wires, of distribution-sopports having two faces there of engaged by said wires whereby the said supports may be turned on their longitudinal axis and the tension of the wires adjusted, substantially as described.

3. In combination with primary wires engaging two faces of the primary distributingsupports, of secondary distributing-supports engaged by the primary distributing-supports, secondary wires engaged by said secondary support whereby the tension of both is effected by the turning of the primary support upon its longitudinal axis, substantially as described.

4. In combination with a primary series of lengths of wires, of a secondary series of lengths of wires extending transverse to the said primary series, secondary distributionsupports engaging said secondary series, primary distribution-s11pports engaging said secondary supports and being; engaged by said primary series of wires, whereby said primary supports may be turned on their longitudinal axis and adjustment of both series of wires effected, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

OTTO RUIIL. Witnesses:

F. A. BRYCE, FR. HOPERMANN. 

